Discovering A Geological Wonder

Woodward Cave is a solutional cave, formed from 400 million year old bedrock. Through circulating groundwater and underground streams, water has gradually transported material out of the cave in solution and creates what is called a Karst topography.
The passageways connecting the five rooms of Woodward Cave are large and rich in geologic features adding to the amazement visitors experience. Sculpturing by the ancient water flow has created excellent examples of scalloped walls and ceiling channels. Many clay chokes suggest an entire unexplored cave system buried behind walls of mud.
 
Over many centuries, mud and clay was deposited in the cave tunnels, and removed by flowing water. This process may have occurred in cycles repeatedly. Calcium-rich water dripping on mud deposits often created calcified mud, which resembles a brown rock. The careful observer can see many sections of these clay cements, including calcified mud shelves indicating the level of mud fill at some earlier time.
 
One of the most interesting things to be seen in the cave are broken stalactite formations. These were buried in the ancient mud fills, cemented in place by the calcified mud, and later partially washed and worn away by changing currents of water. The result appears to be pieces of petrified wood exposed in cross section along the tunnels. What looks like annual growth rings of a tree are actually the repeated layering of calcium mineral as the stalactite slowly grew thousands of years ago. Even the soda straw hole at the very center can be seen.
 

Helictites, Cave Coral, Stalgamites, Cave Bacon, Flowstone. Can You Find all the Cave Formations?

Protecting Native Wildlife

Woodward Cave is the largest and also one of the most important winter hibernating sites for Pennsylvania bats. For over a hundred years, state and federal agencies have used Woodward Cave to collect scientifically important information on bat species, including the first recognized Pennsylvania sampling of the endangered Indiana Bat in the 1920s.
In the late 1980s there was a concerted effort to improve the bat population in the cave, which included replacing the solid steel doors with bat-friendly gates that allow them to enter and leave the cave.

 

From 1988 to 2009, the bat population grew to over 4000 individuals.

In the winter of 2010, White Nose Syndrome reached Woodward Cave. Like many other hibernaculars, WNS almost completely destroyed the historic population. From a drastic low of 30 bats in 2011, our population has bounced back to over 1000 in 2024!
 
Today, Woodward Cave continues to be an important place for research and monitoring of WNS. Scientific work has even been featured in such publications as The New York Times.
 
We made the important decision to close the cave every year from September to May to allow the bats an undisturbed environment for their hibernation.
A Technician treats a room in Woodward with polyethylene glycol

The Legend Of RED PANTHER

According to local legend, a tribal band of Seneca Indians lived in the area of Woodward and called their land The Valley of the Beech Tree.  The Beech Tree from which the valley took its name was beloved by the Storm God, and revered by the Indians throughout the entire area.  The Beech was immune from the lightning of the Storm God, and under it the tribe would gather during fierce storms, knowing that beneath its protecting branches they would find shelter and safety.
Red Panther was a son of an aged Seneca Chief named Mountain River. Through personal triumphs, Red Panther turned arrogant, cruel, and warlike.  He respected neither the Beech Tree nor the Storm God, and often threatened to destroy the tree to show himself mightier than the Great Spirit. 
Returning from an particularly successful hunting expedition, Red Panther cut down the mighty Beech Tree in spite of his pleading father.  Red Panther then ordered his favorite braves to cut it into proper lengths and carefully laid in a heap for burning.
As the proud warrior leaned forward to light the blaze himself, a sudden stroke of crimson lightning followed by a terrific peal of thunder echoed from the clear sky.  The entire tribe was stunned by the shock. Upon their recovery, the lifeless body of Red Panther was discovered lying across the newly kindled fire.  The Storm God had taken his revenge.
Mountain River, the young brave’s father, was the first to reach his side, and lifted his son’s body tenderly.  Not a mark of any kind was found on the corpse, but life itself had departed.
Hoping to appease the wrath of the Storm God, the chiefs of the tribe decided to place the body in the cave of a nearby hillside, which had long been reverenced in religious ceremonials.  After prolonged prayer, the mortal remains of Red Panther were taken to the largest of the chambers in the cave and placed in state.  Chanting the tribal funeral dirges, the guard of honor withdrew, leaving the corpse alone in its natural sepulcher.
 
After due time, in which all manner of supplication was offered, Mountain River and his chiefs returned to the cave, expecting that the Storm God would relent and restore the young man to life.  Instead, they found that water from the roof of the cavern had fallen on the body and the luxurious bier on which it rested, turning the whole into solid stone.  The outlines of the body were preserved perfectly in the rock formation, and fearing another sacrilege, Mountain River and his followers withdrew, leaving Red Panther to sleep his last sleep undisturbed.
 

The ROBIN HOOD Of Pennsylvania

Woodward Cave figures in the legend of David Lewis, a famous highway robber of Centre County who haunted frontier roads in the early 19th century.
Lewis was considered by some to be an authentic Pennsylvania Robin Hood.  The young bandit was admitted shelter and assistance at every mountain cabin with the password “He took it from the rich and gave it to the poor”. He is said to have used Woodward Cave to stash his ill-gotten goods and to evade capture from authorities.
A bit of a Don Juan as well, Lewis stole the heart of many a young woman. Scandalous rumors place him and the beautiful Daltera Sanry together, having many a rendezvous within the subterranean vaults of the cave.
Actual ball and chain used when Woodward Cave was briefly occupied as a prison.
 
Daniel Lewis met his untimely end in the Bellefonte Jail, having succumbed to a gunshot wound he received while unsuccessfully evading capture. He died July 20, 1820, but not before penning a deathbed confessional of his brief life of crime.

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